RAID rebuild times vary significantly depending on RAID level, drive size, array size, workload, and hardware performance. Generally, rebuild time scales linearly with the size of the replaced drive, meaning larger drives take longer to rebuild.
Key points on RAID rebuild times and system availability:
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RAID 1 (mirroring) typically has the shortest rebuild time because it copies data directly from the mirror. It automatically rebuilds when a failed drive is replaced.
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RAID 5 and RAID 6 use parity for fault tolerance, which requires additional calculations during rebuild, making their rebuild times longer than RAID 1. RAID 6 is more complex and can tolerate two drive failures but takes even longer to rebuild.
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Rebuild speed depends on factors such as drive speed, number of drives, RAID level, system workload, and the amount of data actually stored on the drives.
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Typical rebuild speeds can range widely. For example, a 300 GB drive in a RAID 5 array might take about 16 hours to rebuild under some conditions. Larger drives like 16 TB can take roughly 24 hours or more if the system is idle during rebuild.
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In high-density or large-scale arrays, rebuild times can extend to days or weeks if rebuild speeds are slow (e.g., 10.5 MB/s leading to over 67 days for a 61.44 TB drive in one test).
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System availability during rebuild depends on RAID level fault tolerance. RAID 5 can tolerate one drive failure, RAID 6 two, and RAID 1 one. If failures exceed tolerance, the array becomes unavailable until manual intervention.
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Rebuild priority settings can affect system responsiveness during rebuild but increasing rebuild priority may impact host performance.
In summary, RAID rebuild times are primarily driven by drive size and RAID level complexity, with larger drives and parity-based RAID levels requiring longer rebuilds. System availability is maintained during rebuild within the RAID’s fault tolerance limits but can be compromised if multiple drives fail beyond those limits.
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