RAID 1 and RAID 10 both provide strong data protection through mirroring but differ significantly in cost efficiency and usable capacity.
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RAID 1 mirrors data across two disks, so usable storage is 50% of total raw capacity. This means you pay for twice the disk space you actually use, doubling disk costs for storage capacity.
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RAID 10 combines mirroring (RAID 1) and striping (RAID 0), requiring at least four disks. Like RAID 1, usable capacity is half of the total raw capacity because of mirroring. However, it offers better performance due to striping and higher fault tolerance.
Cost considerations:
| Aspect | RAID 1 | RAID 10 |
|---|---|---|
| Minimum disks needed | 2 | 4 |
| Usable capacity | 50% of total raw capacity | 50% of total raw capacity |
| Disk cost efficiency | Lower (due to mirroring) | Lower (due to mirroring + striping) |
| Performance | Good read speed, slower writes | Best performance (fast reads/writes) |
| Fault tolerance | Can tolerate 1 disk failure | Can tolerate multiple disk failures (depending on which disks fail) |
| Data recovery cost* | Average $700 | Average $2,500 |
*Data recovery costs reflect complexity; RAID 10 is more expensive to recover due to its combined mirroring and striping.
Summary:
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RAID 1 is simpler and cheaper to implement but offers only basic mirroring with half the raw capacity usable.
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RAID 10 is more expensive because it requires more disks and has the same 50% capacity efficiency but delivers superior performance and fault tolerance.
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Both RAID 1 and RAID 10 cost roughly twice as much in disk hardware compared to usable storage, but RAID 10’s performance benefits justify the higher cost in environments demanding speed and reliability.
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Data recovery from RAID 10 is more complex and costly than RAID 1 due to its layered structure.
Choosing between RAID 1 and RAID 10 depends on budget, performance needs, and fault tolerance priorities.
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